Category: <span>Строительство</span>

In addition to the characteristics of the design itself, proper installation is no less important, either on your own or with the assistance of craftsmen, the main thing is compliance with the technology. The main attention is often paid to the reliable fixation of the block in the opening and the ideal plane, while the seam, “zapenil, closed, forgot”. Despite the fact that high-quality installation seams, this is the key to the tightness of the opening and trouble-free operation of the window for many years. Consider why seams matter, GOST, as well as recommendations. ⠀
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🚧 To consider the assembly seam simply as a gap around the perimeter of the window that needs to be filled with foam, with PSUL (pre-compressed sealing tape) or without, and close (platbands, nashchelniki, plaster, etc.) - wrong. ⠀
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☝ This is a technological gap with regulated parameters and a number of functions. ⠀
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💡 Everything is very simple. A mounting seam isolates the wall from the window. The temperature of the wall at the installation site of the window is lower than that of the window itself and so that the window frame does not receive minus from the wall and an assembly seam is needed. The most important purpose of the installation joint is to separate two materials that are different in thermal conductivity. ⠀
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Filling, whether it is mounting foam or something else, ensures tightness: ⠀
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🔸 protects against blowing ⠀
🔸 isolates the room from external atmospheric influences ⠀
🔸 prevents the outflow of warm air from the room ⠀
🔸 and also, the window block with an aperture is ит friendly ⠀
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The most moody place is the docking of materials of different nature. Foam, which is better than these materials in thermal physics, helps here. ⠀
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🔶 The most important parameter of the installation joint is the width. ⠀
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⚠ IMPORTANT: the dimensions of the mounting seam are regulated by the state standard, and not by the installers. ⠀
We will talk about this in the next post! ⠀

The main mistakes in the installation of vapor and waterproofing films and membranes ⠀
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First mistake - wooden beams wrapped with vapor barrier ⠀
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If you study the topic of vapor barrier films and diffusion membranes, a paradoxical situation arises. The more a developer reads, the more he gets confused. Cause? A huge amount of conflicting information from different manufacturers and builders. The situation is aggravated because There are dozens of materials with different technical specifications on the market. ⠀
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🗣 People write that if you close the beams on top with a vapor barrier, then, in the place of contact with the film, the tree will not “breathe”. This will lead to moisture accumulation. Is it so? Or is it better to lay drywall on completely exposed beams, then vapor barrier and only then lay mineral wool? ⠀
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Tell me, wooden beams can be wrapped with vapor barrier, provided that part remains visible in the interior. In my opinion, the film prevents the exit of water vapor from the wooden floor. Or, am I misunderstanding something? ⠀
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@energo_doma recommends cake: ⠀
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🔸 Open wooden beams visible in the interior ⠀
🔸Wooden flooring ⠀
🔸Vapor barrier, with gluing overlays and wall abutments стен
🔸 Frame insulation ⠀
🔸Top insulation - dust and windproof material that releases water vapor. Moreover, there is no need to chase expensive branded films. It is enough to use inexpensive domestic non-woven materials ⠀
🔸 Wooden scaffolds on the frame for free movement in the attic and routine inspection of the roof space ⠀
🔸In the attic, according to the insulation, it is not recommended to lay a continuous flooring ⠀
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💭 "Wrap" wooden beams can only be vapor barrier with variable vapor permeability, the so-called a film with adaptive properties, which, with increasing humidity, passes water vapor. ⠀
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This vapor barrier can only be used over rooms with normal humidity, and not over bathrooms, toilets and kitchens. ⠀
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⚠ Important! If the vapor barrier is normal, then it is impossible to go around the beams with this film, because it will “block” the steam, which will lead to moisture accumulation and rotting of the wood.

Natural linoleum ⠀
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Linoleum is a natural material made from a compressed mass consisting of oxidized linseed oil, gum, cork or wood flour and pigments applied to the base of jute fabric. Natural linoleum is a durable eco-friendly material with excellent hygienic and antistatic properties. ⠀
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Like stone, linoleum is a waterproof material. It is supplied mainly in rolls, which somewhat limits its decorative capabilities. However, an experienced craftsman can insert a drawing into the canvas when laying. ⠀
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In order for linoleum to retain its appearance for a long time, it should be coated once or twice a year with a special composition that repels dirt, and polished, which is almost impossible in a working office.
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🔶 Commercial PVC Coatings ⠀
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In Russia, the word "linoleum" is often referred to as PVC flooring. This leads to some confusion. Linoleum is a natural material, while PVC-based coatings are artificial. This circumstance has its advantages and disadvantages. ⠀
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There are two types of PVC coatings. Homogeneous coatings consist of a layer of durable and flexible polyvinyl chloride with a thickness of 1.5-2.0 mm. This is a very durable material that can withstand high loads from the movement of people. ⠀
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Heterogeneous coatings consist of a base - foam or polyester, reinforcing pads made of fiberglass and a decorative outer layer of polyvinyl chloride. The total thickness is 2-3.5 mm. ⠀
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PVC coatings are more durable than any other office flooring, they are available in a wide variety of colors and patterns. Like natural linoleum, they have good hygienic and antistatic properties. A common disadvantage of these coatings is insufficient sound absorption. ⠀
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🔶 Carpets ⠀
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The words “carpet” and “carpet” often replace each other, although they mean different things. While the carpet is attached to the base and usually covers the entire surface of the floor, the carpet is much smaller and lies loose. ⠀

The third mistake is the refusal of a moisture and windproof film to block the cold attic ⠀
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🗣 I finish making a cold attic ceiling. Overlap insulated. I know that first they install a vapor barrier and only then, between the beams, lay mineral wool. And how to close the insulation from above? The manufacturer's booklet says that you need to install a waterproofing vapor-permeable membrane. Why is it needed there? Maybe just a cheap hydro or wind protection spread? ⠀
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energo_doma: The manufacturer correctly recommends closing the insulation on top with a waterproofing material - a membrane that allows water vapor to pass through but prevents moisture from entering the insulation. Remember that membranes have their own characteristics. First of all, pay attention to vapor permeability. It varies up or down. ⠀
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🗣 Membranes are usually mounted on pitched insulated roofs close to the insulation. Those. water flows down them and does not linger on the surface. And if you lay the membrane horizontally, it will not leak? ⠀
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energo_doma: If you are afraid that a horizontally laid superdiffusion membrane will leak or let water through because of a roof leak, choose a material with a higher water resistance. The simplest and cheapest vapor-permeable membranes have low water resistance. Therefore, they are laid obliquely, because Still water through them will sooner or later seep into the ceiling. ⠀
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As a result, we got the following pie of a cold attic, bottom-up: ⠀
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🔸 vapor barrier ⠀
Доски blackboards ⠀
🔸 heater ⠀
🔸 moisture- windproof membrane ⠀
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⚠ Important! In a cold attic from above, cover the insulation with a vapor-permeable moisture-proof membrane, which will additionally protect the insulation from wind and moisture, and you from inhaling particles of stone wool.

Carpets in the office (Continued) ⠀
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🔶 Carpet tile. ⠀
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Modular carpet tiles usually have a size of 50 × 50 cm and a special base made of bitumen or PVC, reinforced with fiberglass. The modular principle has several important advantages. ⠀
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Worn or accidentally damaged tiles can be easily replaced without affecting the rest of the floor, while a normal coating would have to be replaced entirely. ⠀
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Carpet tiles are easy to remove and move to a new building. They are much easier to transport, store and stack than roll coatings. ⠀
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💡 How to make the right choice. ⠀
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The choice of carpet should begin with a study of the room, in accordance with the following criteria: the purpose of the room, what is the expected life of the coating, whether a false floor will be installed, what type of furniture will be used, etc. Then the operational load on the coating is evaluated. How intense and what kind of movement will be in this area, the exposure of the carpet to intense sunlight. ⠀
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⛓ Type of fiber. ⠀
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The most important indicator of carpet is the type of fiber. Fiber is natural and synthetic. ⠀
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🔸 Wool is a natural and therefore expensive material. Wool fiber of low quality wears out pretty quickly. The high-quality wool coating is very beautiful and has excellent fire-fighting properties. However, it builds up static stress and, compared to synthetic materials, is less durable, more prone to pollution, moths and mold. ⠀
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🔸 Polypropylene is widely used as a material for pile due to its low cost. However, it is significantly inferior to other materials in terms of performance. Despite the fact that this material has excellent antistatic and pollution resistance properties, its low strength and flammability make its use undesirable for the office. ⠀
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🔸 Nylon is considered the best material for carpet fiber. It has the highest strength, it retains its appearance over time, it is easy to clean and it is not flammable.

What is an attic?
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In simple terms, an attic is a residential or utility room between the ceiling of the top floor and the roof. If we use the definition according to SNiP (2.08.01-89), then the attic is a room in the attic space, the facade of which is created (fully or partially) by the surface of an inclined (pitched) or broken (hip) roof. Moreover, the line of intersection of the planes of the roof and facade should be at the level of not more than one and a half meters from the floor level of the attic. ⠀
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Due to the specific shape, the area of the attic is also regulated by building codes, and the height to the sloping ceiling depends on the angle of the roof slope: ⠀
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🔸1.5 m - ramp at 30⁰⠀
🔸1.1 m - ramp at 45⁰⠀
🔸0.5 m - a slope of 60⁰ and more ⠀
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It is from the angle of inclination of the roof that the attic usable area will also depend. If an elongated, high roof is not the highlight of the project, an angle in the range of 30⁰-40⁰ is enough.
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🏡 In fact, the attic is a warm, residential attic, since all SNiP standards for height and area, except for these maximum one and a half meters of a vertical wall, are advisory. ⠀
Apartments of several tens of squares, when the perimeter of the ceiling is large, and a closet of several meters in a modest house will be considered a loft. The optimum from the point of view of comfort is the height at the maximum point of the attic of 2.5 meters, the minimum sanitary standards - 2.3 meters. And does it make sense to spend money on arranging the attic, depends primarily on the dimensions of the house - if its width is less than five linear meters, the area of the resulting room will be too small for comfortable use. ⠀
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🏛 In addition, the convenience of attic rooms and the economic feasibility of their arrangement depends on the type of roof. More living space is obtained under the hip structures, especially if it is the roof of Sudeikin. ⠀
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With such a device, the share of usable area is almost 90%. However, the hip roofs are leading in terms of costs, while under the gable roof attic, although it will be less, its cost price will be lower. ⠀

The design of the insulated Swedish stove directly affects the advantages of this type of foundation: ⠀
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➕ Large-scale earthwork is not required for the USP device. It is enough to remove the fertile layer of soil and prepare the base ⠀
➕ USP can be arranged on almost any type of soil ⠀
➕ All the necessary engineering communications are integrated into the USP ⠀
➕ Due to the smooth surface of the slab, there is no need to arrange a leveling screed before laying the final floor covering ⠀
➕ Due to thermal insulation and the installation of an insulated blind area and drainage system, the soil does not freeze under the UWP and the foundation is not exposed to frost heaving forces ⠀
➕ UWB is built faster than a classic strip or slab foundation ⠀
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enrgo_doma ⠀
On average, for the manufacture of a foundation with an area of 100 square meters. m, it takes 7-10 days. Practice shows that it will take about 25-30 days to make a traditional foundation with the same set of utilities, and its final price will be 20-30% higher than the cost of an insulated Swedish stove. ⠀
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USP is a heat storage foundation. It accumulates heat well and gives it away for a long time, not heating the soil, but the house, due to the closed thermal insulation sheath without thermal bridges, even when the heating system is turned off, the house will maintain heat for a long time. ⠀
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USP has minuses: ⠀
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➖ Low basement. On average, the UWP height does not exceed 0.3-0.4 m ⠀
➖ The lack of a basement (Although if there is such a request, we will do with the basement) ⠀
➖ In uneven areas, with a large slope, you must first align the area under the foundation. This increases the volume of earthwork ⠀
➖ Since all utilities are monolithic in the stove, and access to them is impossible or much more difficult, the requirements for the qualifications of workers, materials used and installation techniques are increasing возраст
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🏠 Conclusions: ⠀
At the moment, UWB is one of the most high-tech and energy-efficient types of foundations. The insulated Swedish stove simultaneously serves as a reliable foundation, floor and floor of the first floor, and a place for laying utilities. ⠀