Очистные сооружения

Sewage treatment facilities on site

How to position a septic tank so as not to harm either yourself or your neighbors ⠀
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🏡 Modern country houses, both seasonal dachas and capital buildings for permanent residence, not only are not inferior to city apartments in terms of comfort, but can also surpass them. And in order to use all the benefits of civilization without restrictions, not only water supply is necessary, but also an effective system for collecting, cleaning and discharging all types of effluents. At a minimum - collection and accumulation, with regular subsequent pumping, but this option is also becoming less common. ⠀
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🏟 In the vast majority of cases, various either ready-made or improvised wastewater treatment plants are installed at the sites. The key to their effective and trouble-free operation is not only the choice of the optimal installation in all respects, but also its correct location. Consider where the main element of the private sewage system should be located, in accordance with current regulations. ⠀
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🏚 The previous generation of village houses and country cottages, with amenities inside, rather than in the courtyard, was equipped with primitive cesspools. And for quite a long time, these underground “tanks”, at best, laid out in a checkerboard pattern and filled with crushed stone, were fine with everyone. But with the environment it was much better then, and there are far fewer drains - you don’t need automatic washing machines and dishwashers, no showers, no boilers, or double-circuit boilers. With titanium on solid fuel, it was possible to heat a relatively small amount, which was spent on the whole family, that other ways of organizing hot water supply were limited, and, consequently, draining was limited. Today, “one” without problems can be dug out more than was previously spent on everyone and a primitive absorbing drain pit, even if it passed according to sanitary standards, just can’t do it. ⠀
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⛲ So they replaced it with more efficient and environmentally friendly septic tanks and biological treatment plants. And it is their “activity” that is regulated by the current, and not quite, standards. And which ones are not all interested in the course .. ⠀
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📗 Read on in the next brand post! ⠀
@energo_doma

Достоинства и недостаки УШП

Advantages and disadvantages of USP

The design of the insulated Swedish stove directly affects the advantages of this type of foundation: ⠀
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➕ Large-scale earthwork is not required for the USP device. It is enough to remove the fertile layer of soil and prepare the base ⠀
➕ USP can be arranged on almost any type of soil ⠀
➕ All the necessary engineering communications are integrated into the USP ⠀
➕ Due to the smooth surface of the slab, there is no need to arrange a leveling screed before laying the final floor covering ⠀
➕ Due to thermal insulation and the installation of an insulated blind area and drainage system, the soil does not freeze under the UWP and the foundation is not exposed to frost heaving forces ⠀
➕ UWB is built faster than a classic strip or slab foundation ⠀
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enrgo_doma ⠀
On average, for the manufacture of a foundation with an area of 100 square meters. m, it takes 7-10 days. Practice shows that it will take about 25-30 days to make a traditional foundation with the same set of utilities, and its final price will be 20-30% higher than the cost of an insulated Swedish stove. ⠀
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USP is a heat storage foundation. It accumulates heat well and gives it away for a long time, not heating the soil, but the house, due to the closed thermal insulation sheath without thermal bridges, even when the heating system is turned off, the house will maintain heat for a long time. ⠀
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USP has minuses: ⠀
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➖ Low basement. On average, the UWP height does not exceed 0.3-0.4 m ⠀
➖ The lack of a basement (Although if there is such a request, we will do with the basement) ⠀
➖ In uneven areas, with a large slope, you must first align the area under the foundation. This increases the volume of earthwork ⠀
➖ Since all utilities are monolithic in the stove, and access to them is impossible or much more difficult, the requirements for the qualifications of workers, materials used and installation techniques are increasing возраст
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🏠 Conclusions: ⠀
At the moment, UWB is one of the most high-tech and energy-efficient types of foundations. The insulated Swedish stove simultaneously serves as a reliable foundation, floor and floor of the first floor, and a place for laying utilities. ⠀

Планирование офисного пространства

Office Space Planning

A successful office building project depends on a well-designed design task. In addition, the assignment determines the composition of the premises. What are the characteristic areas of a modern office? ⠀
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🔏 First of all, these are traditional rooms such as workspaces, an entrance group, meeting rooms and office premises. ⠀
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The spatial solution of working areas depends on the corporate culture of the company, on its organizational structure and the capabilities of a particular building. Factors affecting the adoption of a particular scheme are considered in an article on the trends in the formation of office space. When planning, we advise you not to adhere to any chosen scheme once and for all, but to be creative in resolving the issues posed by a specific situation. As a result of this approach, spaces are born that resemble urban fabric with their diversity, where there are streets and quarters, squares and parks. ⠀
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📈 The desire to increase the efficiency of use of space and the development of new working methods have led to the emergence of new work areas in the office. According to statistics, up to 40% of the personnel of many companies are simultaneously out of the office. This is especially true for companies operating in the service sector. According to research, office workers at an industrial company spend an average of 40% of their time at their workplace. Thus, planning an office based on the total number of employees can lead to inefficient use of space. ⠀
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📥 The solution is the allocation of a special zone with jobs that are equipped with all necessary technical means. Any free space at the moment is provided to the employee of the company upon request. At the same time, the capabilities of modern telephone equipment allow each person to keep their personal phone number. All documents and office supplies are stored in mobile lockers parked in a designated area. ⠀
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@proff_project

Стиль освещения магазина.

Lighting style. Part 2

Halogen systems are optimal for perfume stores, where one of the main problems is the excess heat generated by light sources, which negatively affects cosmetics and perfumes. Using systems on busbars with the possibility of several switching groups, it is possible to limit the temperature in various areas of the store without affecting the overall lighting. ⠀

🎚 Now there is a new solution to the problem of excess heat - LED light sources. They have sufficient brightness, are compact, economical and practically do not radiate heat. With the correct design of signage lighting systems, they look quite harmonious during the day. ⠀

🔅 To illuminate the windows, it is customary to follow the basic rule - the window must be bright and attract attention. To achieve this goal, the use of metal halide lamps is optimal. But there are some nuances:
1⃣ Firstly, the showcase serves to demonstrate the goods in the store, but not the light source, therefore, the more compact the lamps, the better. To do this, it is advisable to use recessed fixtures with the ability to control the lamp in the plane.
2⃣ Secondly, the light of shop windows should attract buyers, but at the same time shop visitors should not feel discomfort from excessively bright light. Light sources with curtains eliminate the blinding effect and form an optimal light pattern.

Systems with different switching groups allow you to vary the lighting of shop windows day and night, which significantly reduces energy costs and extends the life of the main light sources. ⠀
✨ So, it is important to be creative in lighting various retail premises. Of course, it is preferable to use various types of lamps in the complex. Although, unfortunately, improving the reliability and efficiency of lighting technology leads to its cost increase. That is why today in most cases, consumers are trying to find a compromise between price and product quality.

@proff_project

Освещение в магазине

Store space zoning

The main thing about lighting in the store ⠀
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The most important task of trading is to make the value of goods apparent. The implementation of this task begins with the presentation of the goods to the buyer. ⠀
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🗣 Charles Tiffany: “Ultimately, gentlemen, success depends on how you present your product.” ⠀
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🕎 Professional lighting is one of the most important details in the design of retail premises. It should not only create a comfortable atmosphere in the store, but also stimulate sales. ⠀
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🔋 Properly selected trading equipment, efficient window dressing and competent lighting of the trading floor create a qualitatively new look of the store and attract buyers to it. The choice of lighting systems is dictated by the specifics of retail spaces. The logic in this case is obvious: when covering large areas, the criteria for energy conservation prevail over the design. ⠀
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🏷 In chamber retail premises: boutiques, galleries, salons, branded shops - elaboration of the concept of lighting as a design element becomes more relevant, since here the element of interior individuality and the atmosphere of the room are of priority. At the same time, the design of the lamps, as well as other interior elements, should still remain minimalist and not distract the attention of the visitor. ⠀
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💢 Maintenance of large retail areas is quite expensive, so the best solution is luminescent lamps built into the suspended ceiling. They have a longer service life, they are more economical and cheaper. They are ideal for large supermarkets, supermarkets. Naturally, the owners of stores designed for the mass buyer do not need to stand out from their peers in any way, other factors work here to attract the consumer - low price, wide assortment, etc. - and the buyer is attracted by a bright halogen light shop windows, and a price that is much lower than others. других

Правильная вентиляция

Proper ventilation

Laws and regulations on ventilation in a private country house ⠀
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Owners of country houses, independently designing ventilation systems, often find it difficult to determine how much air exchange to navigate in the calculations. In this article, we will consider the basic regulations governing the ventilation device in a country house, consider the existing SNiPs and SPs, and find out what they mean in practical terms. ⠀
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📜 The main document that regulates the installation in a private country house of all engineering systems, including ventilation, is SP 55.13330.2016 “Residential single-family houses. Updated edition of SNiP 31-02-2001 ".⠀
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It states that the ventilation system must be such as to cope with the uniform flow and distribution of clean fresh air around the house. Below we will talk about the recommended values of air exchange. ⠀
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☝ From SP 55.13330.2016 it follows that the ventilation system can be: ⠀
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✔ natural ⠀
✔ with mechanical induction of inflow and removal of air, including combined with air heating ⠀
✔ Combined ⠀
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At the same time, air must be removed from: ⠀
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- kitchens ⠀
- toilet ⠀
- bathroom ⠀
- bathroom ⠀
- shower ⠀
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From the rest of the premises, air is removed as necessary. ⠀
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⚠ If there may be unpleasant odors in the room, or harmful substances may appear in the air, they must be removed from the house without entering other rooms and utility rooms. ⠀
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🗣 Client: And explain to me why it is impossible to make a riser alone in the kitchen and / or? ⠀
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@energo_doma: It will not smell as intended. Few people will like it when it smells of borsch in the shower, in the kitchen with shampoo. ⠀
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The document does not say anything about the mandatory forced ventilation device; only “ventilation openings” are mentioned in it. Quote SP 55.13330.2016: ⠀
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To ensure natural ventilation, it should be possible to ventilate the premises of the house through windows, windows, transoms and other ventilation openings. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

Воздухообмен

Air exchange in a private house

What should be the air exchange in a private house ⠀
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According to the above document, the minimum air exchange values should be as follows: ⠀
⠀ 🔸 in rooms with a constant stay of people (this is one in which people stay for at least 2 hours continuously or 6 hours in total during the day) the air volume should completely change once an hour ⠀
🔸 at least 60 m3 of air should be removed from the kitchen per hour ⠀
🔸 from the bathroom, bath, shower, toilet - 25 m3 of air per hour ⠀
🔸 in other rooms the recommended rate of air exchange is not less than 0.2 room volume per hour. ⠀
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📍 The following are recommendations from other documents that you can rely on when calculating the ventilation system in your home: ⠀
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Moscow city building codes 3.01-01 Residential buildings: ⠀
🔶 Air exchange - at least 30 m3 / h per person ⠀
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Territorial construction standards OVK-2000 MO TSN 41-302-2000⠀
🔶 Air exchange - At least 30 m3 / h per person ⠀
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS SNiP 2.08.01-89⠀
🔶 Air exchange - 3 m3 / h per 1m2 of residential premises ⠀
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SNiP 41-01-2003 HEATING AND VENTILATION ⠀
Air exchange - Residential apartments with total area for 1 person: ⠀
🔶 over 20 m2 room with natural ventilation 30m3 / h, without natural ventilation 60 m3 / h ⠀
🔶 less than 20 m2 a room with natural ventilation of 3 m3 / h per 1 m2 of living space ⠀
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▶ A table from SNiP 31-02 ⠀ may be useful in calculations
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🔎 Want high-quality ventilation in your home? ⠀
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📞 Call! ⠀⠀⠀
Our contacts: ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
📲 +7 919 777-98-94⠀⠀⠀⠀

Входная зона

Entrance Zone Design

When designing the company's entrance zone, the following issues must be resolved: вопросы
🔸 Does the company have a distinct personality?
🔸 How strongly should this personality and corporate culture be expressed in spatial forms?
🔸 Is the company turned outward or, rather, inward, how many visitors are there?

When solving these representative tasks, one should not forget about the convenience of people working or visiting this zone. Usually there is a waiting area, a wardrobe for employees and for customers. A useful addition is an information desk equipped with a computer that provides customers with the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the structure and activities of the company. ⠀

💡 The latest research shows that the proportion of rooms and areas for meetings and negotiations is constantly growing, and their area may increase by 2005 to 30% of the total office area. In Europe, ordinary employees spend approximately 25%, mid-level managers 50%, and top-level managers even 75% of the working time in negotiations and seminars. This is due to the importance of the exchange of information for decision-making. Communication and training become the most important types of office activities and, accordingly, require well-thought-out planning and technical solutions. ⠀

🎚 Traditional meeting rooms are complemented by multi-functional transformable rooms for conferences, seminars and trainings. All these rooms are equipped with equipment such as slide and overhead projectors, flip charts and interactive whiteboards, multimedia projectors, plasma panels, graphic walls, audio systems and video conferencing facilities. ⠀

👥 An interesting fact is that 80% of all innovations in offices are aimed at ensuring direct communication between people. For this, you can use not only meeting rooms, but also individual islands located next to workplaces. To communicate more dynamically, high tables are used, at which the interlocutors talk while standing.

Стиль освещения магазина⠀

Store Lighting Style

Shop lighting style. ⠀
(pictured shop ⠀
Adidas) ⠀
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In stores that demonstrate a high level of service and sales, a special approach to lighting. A well-designed lighting system with a single stylistic solution fulfills its functional purpose and at the same time serves as an element of corporate identity, a distinctive feature of interior design. ⠀
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🛍 For shopping areas such as department stores, expensive supermarkets and company stores, the best option for lighting systems is busbar designs that provide not only the correct distribution of light in the room, but also the ability to vary light accents along with changes in the exposure of the product. At the same time, high-voltage busbars provide for an almost unlimited number of lamps. For small shops, the optimal solution is busbar systems combined with local counter lighting. ⠀
⠀ ⠀ 💎 As for the light itself, halogen lamps allow you to vary the spectrum from warm to cold. In general, all light schemes are selected taking into account the specifics of the store, for example, jewelry looks more effective in cold light (with a color temperature of 6000 K), which can be arranged using halogen or metal halide lamps with various reflectors. However, such lighting is contraindicated in the fitting room of a clothing store - otherwise the face of the buyer will acquire an original bluish tint, warmer tones are appropriate here. ⠀
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💡 Since we are talking about particulars, we cannot but mention that for different types of stores, with the general concept of using halogen light, the capabilities of each specific design of the lighting system can be used. For jewelry stores, systems with pendant lights are convenient, which include adjusting the height of the lamp for local illumination so that the buyer can better see the product. These systems are also suitable for clothing stores, where the exposure is constantly changing and the placement of light-semantic accents is necessary. ⠀
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To be continued:) ⠀
@proff_project

Принудительная вентиляция

Forced ventilation

Is forced ventilation necessary? ⠀
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Is it necessary to arrange forced ventilation in a private house in order to provide the recommended air exchange indicators from the point of view of regulatory documents? ⠀
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⚠ Recall, the current SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 prescribes to have windows and windows for ventilation, для
it is only about natural ventilation. ⠀
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4.7. Natural ventilation of living quarters should be carried out by air inflow through vents, transoms, or through special openings in window sashes and ventilation ducts. Exhaust duct openings should be provided in kitchens, bathrooms, toilets, and ovens. ⠀
At the same time, the minimum volume recommended in a number of documents ⠀
air per person should be at least 30 m3 / h in 1 hour. ⠀
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🌪 Updated version of SNiP 4101-2003 (introduced from 01.01.2013): 30 m3 per person or 0.35 volume per hour ⠀
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Thus, if the area of the living room is large enough, and for each person in it from 10 to 20 square meters, the organization of supply and exhaust ventilation according to the current ⠀
regulations are not vital. But if the room per person accounts for less than 20 square meters, forced ventilation is already urgently needed. ⠀
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🌫 So, a bedroom with an area of 20 meters, in which two adults spend the night, can still do without forced ventilation. A bedroom of 18 meters is no longer there; airing alone will not cope with ventilation tasks. And small bedrooms in small cottages are done quite often. ⠀
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🌟 Conclusions ⠀
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According to current regulations, in houses where most of the bedrooms are less than 20 square meters, a forced ventilation device is necessary. It is also highly recommended to arrange it in large cottages with an area of more than 400 square meters. ⠀
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But in a number of other cases, the “minimum amount of air” will not provide a comfortable life in a secluded house. ⠀